class Nokogiri::XML::Node

Nokogiri::XML::Node is the primary API you’ll use to interact with your Document.

Attributes

A Nokogiri::XML::Node may be treated similarly to a hash with regard to attributes. For example:

node = Nokogiri::XML::DocumentFragment.parse("<a href='#foo' id='link'>link</a>").at_css("a")
node.to_html # => "<a href=\"#foo\" id=\"link\">link</a>"
node['href'] # => "#foo"
node.keys # => ["href", "id"]
node.values # => ["#foo", "link"]
node['class'] = 'green' # => "green"
node.to_html # => "<a href=\"#foo\" id=\"link\" class=\"green\">link</a>"

See the method group entitled Working With Node Attributes at Node for the full set of methods.

Navigation

Nokogiri::XML::Node also has methods that let you move around your tree:

#parent, #children, #next, #previous

Navigate up, down, or through siblings.

See the method group entitled Traversing Document Structure at Node for the full set of methods.

Serialization

When printing or otherwise emitting a document or a node (and its subtree), there are a few methods you might want to use:

#content, #text, #inner_text, #to_str

These methods will all **emit plaintext**, meaning that entities will be replaced (e.g., +&lt;+ will be replaced with +<+), meaning that any sanitizing will likely be un-done in the output.

#to_s, #to_xml, #to_html, #inner_html

These methods will all **emit properly-escaped markup**, meaning that it’s suitable for consumption by browsers, parsers, etc.

See the method group entitled Serialization and Generating Output at Node for the full set of methods.

Searching

You may search this node’s subtree using methods like #xpath and #css.

See the method group entitled Searching via XPath or CSS Queries at Node for the full set of methods.

Constants

ATTRIBUTE_DECL

Attribute declaration type

ATTRIBUTE_NODE

Attribute node type

CDATA_SECTION_NODE

CDATA node type, see Nokogiri::XML::Node#cdata?

COMMENT_NODE

Comment node type, see Nokogiri::XML::Node#comment?

DOCB_DOCUMENT_NODE

DOCB document node type

DOCUMENT_FRAG_NODE

Document fragment node type

DOCUMENT_NODE

Document node type, see Nokogiri::XML::Node#xml?

DOCUMENT_TYPE_NODE

Document type node type

DTD_NODE

DTD node type

ELEMENT_DECL

Element declaration type

ELEMENT_NODE

Element node type, see Nokogiri::XML::Node#element?

ENTITY_DECL

Entity declaration type

ENTITY_NODE

Entity node type

ENTITY_REF_NODE

Entity reference node type

HTML_DOCUMENT_NODE

HTML document node type, see Nokogiri::XML::Node#html?

IMPLIED_XPATH_CONTEXTS
LOOKS_LIKE_XPATH

Regular expression used by Searchable#search to determine if a query string is CSS or XPath

NAMESPACE_DECL

Namespace declaration type

NOTATION_NODE

Notation node type

PI_NODE

PI node type

TEXT_NODE

Text node type, see Nokogiri::XML::Node#text?

VALID_NAMESPACES
Included from Nokogiri::ClassResolver

related_class restricts matching namespaces to those matching this set.

XINCLUDE_END

XInclude end type

XINCLUDE_START

XInclude start type

Public Class Methods

new(name, document) → Nokogiri::XML::Node click to toggle source
new(name, document) { |node| ... } → Nokogiri::XML::Node

Create a new node with name that belongs to document.

If you intend to add a node to a document tree, it’s likely that you will prefer one of the Nokogiri::XML::Node methods like #add_child, #add_next_sibling, #replace, etc. which will both create an element (or subtree) and place it in the document tree.

Another alternative, if you are concerned about performance, is Nokogiri::XML::Document#create_element which accepts additional arguments for contents or attributes but (like this method) avoids parsing markup.

Parameters
Yields

Nokogiri::XML::Node

Returns

Nokogiri::XML::Node

# File lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb, line 126
def initialize(name, document)
  # This is intentionally empty, and sets the method signature for subclasses.
end

Public Instance Methods

<=>(other) click to toggle source

Compare two Node objects with respect to their Document. Nodes from different documents cannot be compared.

# File lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb, line 1262
def <=>(other)
  return unless other.is_a?(Nokogiri::XML::Node)
  return unless document == other.document

  compare(other)
end
==(other) click to toggle source

Test to see if this Node is equal to other

# File lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb, line 1252
def ==(other)
  return false unless other
  return false unless other.respond_to?(:pointer_id)

  pointer_id == other.pointer_id
end
accept(visitor) click to toggle source

Accept a visitor. This method calls “visit” on visitor with self.

# File lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb, line 1246
def accept(visitor)
  visitor.visit(self)
end
ancestors(selector = nil) click to toggle source

Get a list of ancestor Node for this Node. If selector is given, the ancestors must match selector

# File lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb, line 1215
def ancestors(selector = nil)
  return NodeSet.new(document) unless respond_to?(:parent)
  return NodeSet.new(document) unless parent

  parents = [parent]

  while parents.last.respond_to?(:parent)
    break unless (ctx_parent = parents.last.parent)

    parents << ctx_parent
  end

  return NodeSet.new(document, parents) unless selector

  root = parents.last
  search_results = root.search(selector)

  NodeSet.new(document, parents.find_all do |parent|
    search_results.include?(parent)
  end)
end
blank? → Boolean click to toggle source
Returns

true if the node is an empty or whitespace-only text or cdata node, else false.

Example:

Nokogiri("<root><child/></root>").root.child.blank? # => false
Nokogiri("<root>\t \n</root>").root.child.blank? # => true
Nokogiri("<root><![CDATA[\t \n]]></root>").root.child.blank? # => true
Nokogiri("<root>not-blank</root>").root.child
  .tap { |n| n.content = "" }.blank # => true
static VALUE
rb_xml_node_blank_eh(VALUE self)
{
  xmlNodePtr node;
  Noko_Node_Get_Struct(self, xmlNode, node);
  return (1 == xmlIsBlankNode(node)) ? Qtrue : Qfalse ;
}
cdata?() click to toggle source

Returns true if this is a CDATA

# File lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb, line 1136
def cdata?
  type == CDATA_SECTION_NODE
end
clone(p1 = v1, p2 = v2)
Alias for: dup
comment?() click to toggle source

Returns true if this is a Comment

# File lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb, line 1131
def comment?
  type == COMMENT_NODE
end
content() → String click to toggle source
Returns

Contents of all the text nodes in this node’s subtree, concatenated together into a single String.

⚠ Note that entities will always be expanded in the returned String.

See related: #inner_html

Example of how entities are handled:

Note that &lt; becomes < in the returned String.

doc = Nokogiri::XML.fragment("<child>a &lt; b</child>")
doc.at_css("child").content
# => "a < b"

Example of how a subtree is handled:

Note that the <span> tags are omitted and only the text node contents are returned, concatenated into a single string.

doc = Nokogiri::XML.fragment("<child><span>first</span> <span>second</span></child>")
doc.at_css("child").content
# => "first second"
static VALUE
rb_xml_node_content(VALUE self)
{
  xmlNodePtr node;
  xmlChar *content;

  Noko_Node_Get_Struct(self, xmlNode, node);

  content = xmlNodeGetContent(node);
  if (content) {
    VALUE rval = NOKOGIRI_STR_NEW2(content);
    xmlFree(content);
    return rval;
  }
  return Qnil;
}
Also aliased as: inner_text, text, to_str
create_external_subset(name, external_id, system_id) click to toggle source

Create an external subset

static VALUE
create_external_subset(VALUE self, VALUE name, VALUE external_id, VALUE system_id)
{
  xmlNodePtr node;
  xmlDocPtr doc;
  xmlDtdPtr dtd;

  Noko_Node_Get_Struct(self, xmlNode, node);

  doc = node->doc;

  if (doc->extSubset) {
    rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "Document already has an external subset");
  }

  dtd = xmlNewDtd(
          doc,
          NIL_P(name)        ? NULL : (const xmlChar *)StringValueCStr(name),
          NIL_P(external_id) ? NULL : (const xmlChar *)StringValueCStr(external_id),
          NIL_P(system_id)   ? NULL : (const xmlChar *)StringValueCStr(system_id)
        );

  if (!dtd) { return Qnil; }

  return noko_xml_node_wrap(Qnil, (xmlNodePtr)dtd);
}
create_internal_subset(name, external_id, system_id) click to toggle source

Create the internal subset of a document.

doc.create_internal_subset("chapter", "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML//EN", "chapter.dtd")
# => <!DOCTYPE chapter PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML//EN" "chapter.dtd">

doc.create_internal_subset("chapter", nil, "chapter.dtd")
# => <!DOCTYPE chapter SYSTEM "chapter.dtd">
static VALUE
create_internal_subset(VALUE self, VALUE name, VALUE external_id, VALUE system_id)
{
  xmlNodePtr node;
  xmlDocPtr doc;
  xmlDtdPtr dtd;

  Noko_Node_Get_Struct(self, xmlNode, node);

  doc = node->doc;

  if (xmlGetIntSubset(doc)) {
    rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "Document already has an internal subset");
  }

  dtd = xmlCreateIntSubset(
          doc,
          NIL_P(name)        ? NULL : (const xmlChar *)StringValueCStr(name),
          NIL_P(external_id) ? NULL : (const xmlChar *)StringValueCStr(external_id),
          NIL_P(system_id)   ? NULL : (const xmlChar *)StringValueCStr(system_id)
        );

  if (!dtd) { return Qnil; }

  return noko_xml_node_wrap(Qnil, (xmlNodePtr)dtd);
}
css_path() click to toggle source

Get the path to this node as a CSS expression

# File lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb, line 1206
def css_path
  path.split(%r{/}).filter_map do |part|
    part.empty? ? nil : part.gsub(/\[(\d+)\]/, ':nth-of-type(\1)')
  end.join(" > ")
end
decorate!() click to toggle source

Decorate this node with the decorators set up in this node’s Document

# File lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb, line 132
def decorate!
  document.decorate(self)
end
description() click to toggle source

Fetch the Nokogiri::HTML4::ElementDescription for this node. Returns nil on XML documents and on unknown tags.

# File lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb, line 1173
def description
  return if document.xml?

  Nokogiri::HTML4::ElementDescription[name]
end
document?() click to toggle source

Returns true if this is a Document

# File lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb, line 1151
def document?
  is_a?(XML::Document)
end
dup → Nokogiri::XML::Node click to toggle source
dup(depth) → Nokogiri::XML::Node
dup(depth, new_parent_doc) → Nokogiri::XML::Node

Copy this node.

Parameters
  • depth 0 is a shallow copy, 1 (the default) is a deep copy.

  • new_parent_doc The new node’s parent Document. Defaults to the this node’s document.

Returns

The new Nokogiri::XML::Node

static VALUE
duplicate_node(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
{
  VALUE r_level, r_new_parent_doc;
  int level;
  int n_args;
  xmlDocPtr new_parent_doc;
  xmlNodePtr node, dup;

  Noko_Node_Get_Struct(self, xmlNode, node);

  n_args = rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "02", &r_level, &r_new_parent_doc);

  if (n_args < 1) {
    r_level = INT2NUM((long)1);
  }
  level = (int)NUM2INT(r_level);

  if (n_args < 2) {
    new_parent_doc = node->doc;
  } else {
    new_parent_doc = noko_xml_document_unwrap(r_new_parent_doc);
  }

  dup = xmlDocCopyNode(node, new_parent_doc, level);
  if (dup == NULL) { return Qnil; }

  noko_xml_document_pin_node(dup);

  return noko_xml_node_wrap(rb_obj_class(self), dup);
}
Also aliased as: clone
elem?()
Alias for: element?
element?() click to toggle source

Returns true if this is an Element node

# File lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb, line 1187
def element?
  type == ELEMENT_NODE
end
Also aliased as: elem?
element_children() → NodeSet click to toggle source
Returns

The node’s child elements as a NodeSet. Only children that are elements will be returned, which notably excludes Text nodes.

Example:

Note that #children returns the Text node “hello” while #element_children does not.

div = Nokogiri::HTML5("<div>hello<span>world</span>").at_css("div")
div.element_children
# => [#<Nokogiri::XML::Element:0x50 name="span" children=[#<Nokogiri::XML::Text:0x3c "world">]>]
div.children
# => [#<Nokogiri::XML::Text:0x64 "hello">,
#     #<Nokogiri::XML::Element:0x50 name="span" children=[#<Nokogiri::XML::Text:0x3c "world">]>]
static VALUE
rb_xml_node_element_children(VALUE self)
{
  xmlNodePtr node;
  xmlNodePtr child;
  xmlNodeSetPtr set;
  VALUE document;
  VALUE node_set;

  Noko_Node_Get_Struct(self, xmlNode, node);

  child = xmlFirstElementChild(node);
  set = xmlXPathNodeSetCreate(child);

  document = DOC_RUBY_OBJECT(node->doc);

  if (!child) { return noko_xml_node_set_wrap(set, document); }

  child = xmlNextElementSibling(child);
  while (NULL != child) {
    xmlXPathNodeSetAddUnique(set, child);
    child = xmlNextElementSibling(child);
  }

  node_set = noko_xml_node_set_wrap(set, document);

  return node_set;
}
Also aliased as: elements
elements() → NodeSet
Alias for: element_children
encode_special_chars(string) → String click to toggle source

Encode any special characters in string

static VALUE
encode_special_chars(VALUE self, VALUE string)
{
  xmlNodePtr node;
  xmlChar *encoded;
  VALUE encoded_str;

  Noko_Node_Get_Struct(self, xmlNode, node);
  encoded = xmlEncodeSpecialChars(
              node->doc,
              (const xmlChar *)StringValueCStr(string)
            );

  encoded_str = NOKOGIRI_STR_NEW2(encoded);
  xmlFree(encoded);

  return encoded_str;
}
external_subset() click to toggle source

Get the external subset

static VALUE
external_subset(VALUE self)
{
  xmlNodePtr node;
  xmlDocPtr doc;
  xmlDtdPtr dtd;

  Noko_Node_Get_Struct(self, xmlNode, node);

  if (!node->doc) { return Qnil; }

  doc = node->doc;
  dtd = doc->extSubset;

  if (!dtd) { return Qnil; }

  return noko_xml_node_wrap(Qnil, (xmlNodePtr)dtd);
}
first_element_child() → Node click to toggle source
Returns

The first child Node that is an element.

Example:

Note that the “hello” child, which is a Text node, is skipped and the <span> element is returned.

div = Nokogiri::HTML5("<div>hello<span>world</span>").at_css("div")
div.first_element_child
# => #(Element:0x3c { name = "span", children = [ #(Text "world")] })
static VALUE
rb_xml_node_first_element_child(VALUE self)
{
  xmlNodePtr node, child;
  Noko_Node_Get_Struct(self, xmlNode, node);

  child = xmlFirstElementChild(node);
  if (!child) { return Qnil; }

  return noko_xml_node_wrap(Qnil, child);
}
fragment(tags) click to toggle source

Create a DocumentFragment containing tags that is relative to this context node.

# File lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb, line 1022
def fragment(tags)
  document.related_class("DocumentFragment").new(document, tags, self)
end
fragment?() click to toggle source

Returns true if this is a DocumentFragment

# File lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb, line 1166
def fragment?
  type == DOCUMENT_FRAG_NODE
end
html?() click to toggle source

Returns true if this is an HTML4::Document or HTML5::Document node

# File lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb, line 1146
def html?
  type == HTML_DOCUMENT_NODE
end
inner_html(*args) click to toggle source

Get the inner_html for this node’s Node#children

# File lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb, line 1201
def inner_html(*args)
  children.map { |x| x.to_html(*args) }.join
end
inner_text()
Alias for: content
internal_subset() click to toggle source

Get the internal subset

static VALUE
internal_subset(VALUE self)
{
  xmlNodePtr node;
  xmlDocPtr doc;
  xmlDtdPtr dtd;

  Noko_Node_Get_Struct(self, xmlNode, node);

  if (!node->doc) { return Qnil; }

  doc = node->doc;
  dtd = xmlGetIntSubset(doc);

  if (!dtd) { return Qnil; }

  return noko_xml_node_wrap(Qnil, (xmlNodePtr)dtd);
}
key?(attribute) click to toggle source

Returns true if attribute is set

static VALUE
key_eh(VALUE self, VALUE attribute)
{
  xmlNodePtr node;
  Noko_Node_Get_Struct(self, xmlNode, node);
  if (xmlHasProp(node, (xmlChar *)StringValueCStr(attribute))) {
    return Qtrue;
  }
  return Qfalse;
}
Also aliased as: has_attribute?
lang click to toggle source

Searches the language of a node, i.e. the values of the xml:lang attribute or the one carried by the nearest ancestor.

static VALUE
get_lang(VALUE self_rb)
{
  xmlNodePtr self ;
  xmlChar *lang ;
  VALUE lang_rb ;

  Noko_Node_Get_Struct(self_rb, xmlNode, self);

  lang = xmlNodeGetLang(self);
  if (lang) {
    lang_rb = NOKOGIRI_STR_NEW2(lang);
    xmlFree(lang);
    return lang_rb ;
  }

  return Qnil ;
}
lang= click to toggle source

Set the language of a node, i.e. the values of the xml:lang attribute.

static VALUE
set_lang(VALUE self_rb, VALUE lang_rb)
{
  xmlNodePtr self ;
  xmlChar *lang ;

  Noko_Node_Get_Struct(self_rb, xmlNode, self);
  lang = (xmlChar *)StringValueCStr(lang_rb);

  xmlNodeSetLang(self, lang);

  return Qnil ;
}
last_element_child() → Node click to toggle source
Returns

The last child Node that is an element.

Example:

Note that the “hello” child, which is a Text node, is skipped and the <span>yes</span> element is returned.

div = Nokogiri::HTML5("<div><span>no</span><span>yes</span>skip</div>").at_css("div")
div.last_element_child
# => #(Element:0x3c { name = "span", children = [ #(Text "yes")] })
static VALUE
rb_xml_node_last_element_child(VALUE self)
{
  xmlNodePtr node, child;
  Noko_Node_Get_Struct(self, xmlNode, node);

  child = xmlLastElementChild(node);
  if (!child) { return Qnil; }

  return noko_xml_node_wrap(Qnil, child);
}
line() → Integer click to toggle source
Returns

The line number of this Node.


⚠ The CRuby and JRuby implementations differ in important ways!

Semantic differences:

  • The CRuby method reflects the node’s line number in the parsed string

  • The JRuby method reflects the node’s line number in the final DOM structure after corrections have been applied

Performance differences:

  • The CRuby method is O(1) (constant time)

  • The JRuby method is O(n) (linear time, where n is the number of nodes before/above the element in the DOM)

If you’d like to help improve the JRuby implementation, please review these issues and reach out to the maintainers:

static VALUE
rb_xml_node_line(VALUE rb_node)
{
  xmlNodePtr c_node;
  Noko_Node_Get_Struct(rb_node, xmlNode, c_node);

  return LONG2NUM(xmlGetLineNo(c_node));
}
line=(num) click to toggle source

Sets the line for this Node. num must be less than 65535.

static VALUE
rb_xml_node_line_set(VALUE rb_node, VALUE rb_line_number)
{
  xmlNodePtr c_node;
  int line_number = NUM2INT(rb_line_number);

  Noko_Node_Get_Struct(rb_node, xmlNode, c_node);

  // libxml2 optionally uses xmlNode.psvi to store longer line numbers, but only for text nodes.
  // search for "psvi" in SAX2.c and tree.c to learn more.
  if (line_number < 65535) {
    c_node->line = (short) line_number;
  } else {
    c_node->line = 65535;
    if (c_node->type == XML_TEXT_NODE) {
      c_node->psvi = (void *)(ptrdiff_t) line_number;
    }
  }

  return rb_line_number;
}
matches?(selector) click to toggle source

Returns true if this Node matches selector

# File lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb, line 1015
def matches?(selector)
  ancestors.last.search(selector).include?(self)
end
name
Alias for: node_name
namespace() → Namespace click to toggle source
Returns

The Namespace of the element or attribute node, or nil if there is no namespace.

Example:

doc = Nokogiri::XML(<<~EOF)
  <root>
    <first/>
    <second xmlns="http://example.com/child"/>
    <foo:third xmlns:foo="http://example.com/foo"/>
  </root>
EOF
doc.at_xpath("//first").namespace
# => nil
doc.at_xpath("//xmlns:second", "xmlns" => "http://example.com/child").namespace
# => #(Namespace:0x3c { href = "http://example.com/child" })
doc.at_xpath("//foo:third", "foo" => "http://example.com/foo").namespace
# => #(Namespace:0x50 { prefix = "foo", href = "http://example.com/foo" })
static VALUE
rb_xml_node_namespace(VALUE rb_node)
{
  xmlNodePtr c_node ;
  Noko_Node_Get_Struct(rb_node, xmlNode, c_node);

  if (c_node->ns) {
    return noko_xml_namespace_wrap(c_node->ns, c_node->doc);
  }

  return Qnil ;
}
namespace_definitions() → Array<Nokogiri::XML::Namespace> click to toggle source
Returns

Namespaces that are defined directly on this node, as an Array of Namespace objects. The array will be empty if no namespaces are defined on this node.

Example:

doc = Nokogiri::XML(<<~EOF)
  <root xmlns="http://example.com/root">
    <first/>
    <second xmlns="http://example.com/child" xmlns:unused="http://example.com/unused"/>
    <foo:third xmlns:foo="http://example.com/foo"/>
  </root>
EOF
doc.at_xpath("//root:first", "root" => "http://example.com/root").namespace_definitions
# => []
doc.at_xpath("//xmlns:second", "xmlns" => "http://example.com/child").namespace_definitions
# => [#(Namespace:0x3c { href = "http://example.com/child" }),
#     #(Namespace:0x50 {
#       prefix = "unused",
#       href = "http://example.com/unused"
#       })]
doc.at_xpath("//foo:third", "foo" => "http://example.com/foo").namespace_definitions
# => [#(Namespace:0x64 { prefix = "foo", href = "http://example.com/foo" })]
static VALUE
namespace_definitions(VALUE rb_node)
{
  /* this code in the mode of xmlHasProp() */
  xmlNodePtr c_node ;
  xmlNsPtr c_namespace;
  VALUE definitions = rb_ary_new();

  Noko_Node_Get_Struct(rb_node, xmlNode, c_node);

  c_namespace = c_node->nsDef;
  if (!c_namespace) {
    return definitions;
  }

  while (c_namespace != NULL) {
    rb_ary_push(definitions, noko_xml_namespace_wrap(c_namespace, c_node->doc));
    c_namespace = c_namespace->next;
  }

  return definitions;
}
namespace_scopes() → Array<Nokogiri::XML::Namespace> click to toggle source
Returns

Array of all the Namespaces on this node and its ancestors.

See also #namespaces

Example:

doc = Nokogiri::XML(<<~EOF)
  <root xmlns="http://example.com/root" xmlns:bar="http://example.com/bar">
    <first/>
    <second xmlns="http://example.com/child"/>
    <third xmlns:foo="http://example.com/foo"/>
  </root>
EOF
doc.at_xpath("//root:first", "root" => "http://example.com/root").namespace_scopes
# => [#(Namespace:0x3c { href = "http://example.com/root" }),
#     #(Namespace:0x50 { prefix = "bar", href = "http://example.com/bar" })]
doc.at_xpath("//child:second", "child" => "http://example.com/child").namespace_scopes
# => [#(Namespace:0x64 { href = "http://example.com/child" }),
#     #(Namespace:0x50 { prefix = "bar", href = "http://example.com/bar" })]
doc.at_xpath("//root:third", "root" => "http://example.com/root").namespace_scopes
# => [#(Namespace:0x78 { prefix = "foo", href = "http://example.com/foo" }),
#     #(Namespace:0x3c { href = "http://example.com/root" }),
#     #(Namespace:0x50 { prefix = "bar", href = "http://example.com/bar" })]
static VALUE
rb_xml_node_namespace_scopes(VALUE rb_node)
{
  xmlNodePtr c_node ;
  xmlNsPtr *namespaces;
  VALUE scopes = rb_ary_new();
  int j;

  Noko_Node_Get_Struct(rb_node, xmlNode, c_node);

  namespaces = xmlGetNsList(c_node->doc, c_node);
  if (!namespaces) {
    return scopes;
  }

  for (j = 0 ; namespaces[j] != NULL ; ++j) {
    rb_ary_push(scopes, noko_xml_namespace_wrap(namespaces[j], c_node->doc));
  }

  xmlFree(namespaces);
  return scopes;
}
namespaced_key?(attribute, namespace) click to toggle source

Returns true if attribute is set with namespace

static VALUE
namespaced_key_eh(VALUE self, VALUE attribute, VALUE namespace)
{
  xmlNodePtr node;
  Noko_Node_Get_Struct(self, xmlNode, node);
  if (xmlHasNsProp(node, (xmlChar *)StringValueCStr(attribute),
                   NIL_P(namespace) ? NULL : (xmlChar *)StringValueCStr(namespace))) {
    return Qtrue;
  }
  return Qfalse;
}
namespaces() → Hash<String(Namespace#prefix) ⇒ String(Namespace#href)> click to toggle source

Fetch all the namespaces on this node and its ancestors.

Note that the keys in this hash XML attributes that would be used to define this namespace, such as “xmlns:prefix”, not just the prefix.

The default namespace for this node will be included with key “xmlns”.

See also #namespace_scopes

Returns

Hash containing all the namespaces on this node and its ancestors. The hash keys are the namespace prefix, and the hash value for each key is the namespace URI.

Example:

doc = Nokogiri::XML(<<~EOF)
  <root xmlns="http://example.com/root" xmlns:in_scope="http://example.com/in_scope">
    <first/>
    <second xmlns="http://example.com/child"/>
    <third xmlns:foo="http://example.com/foo"/>
  </root>
EOF
doc.at_xpath("//root:first", "root" => "http://example.com/root").namespaces
# => {"xmlns"=>"http://example.com/root",
#     "xmlns:in_scope"=>"http://example.com/in_scope"}
doc.at_xpath("//child:second", "child" => "http://example.com/child").namespaces
# => {"xmlns"=>"http://example.com/child",
#     "xmlns:in_scope"=>"http://example.com/in_scope"}
doc.at_xpath("//root:third", "root" => "http://example.com/root").namespaces
# => {"xmlns:foo"=>"http://example.com/foo",
#     "xmlns"=>"http://example.com/root",
#     "xmlns:in_scope"=>"http://example.com/in_scope"}
# File lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb, line 1122
def namespaces
  namespace_scopes.each_with_object({}) do |ns, hash|
    prefix = ns.prefix
    key = prefix ? "xmlns:#{prefix}" : "xmlns"
    hash[key] = ns.href
  end
end
content= click to toggle source

Set the content for this Node

static VALUE
set_native_content(VALUE self, VALUE content)
{
  xmlNodePtr node, child, next ;
  Noko_Node_Get_Struct(self, xmlNode, node);

  child = node->children;
  while (NULL != child) {
    next = child->next ;
    xmlUnlinkNode(child) ;
    noko_xml_document_pin_node(child);
    child = next ;
  }

  xmlNodeSetContent(node, (xmlChar *)StringValueCStr(content));
  return content;
}
next_element click to toggle source

Returns the next Nokogiri::XML::Element type sibling node.

static VALUE
next_element(VALUE self)
{
  xmlNodePtr node, sibling;
  Noko_Node_Get_Struct(self, xmlNode, node);

  sibling = xmlNextElementSibling(node);
  if (!sibling) { return Qnil; }

  return noko_xml_node_wrap(Qnil, sibling);
}
next_sibling click to toggle source

Returns the next sibling node

static VALUE
next_sibling(VALUE self)
{
  xmlNodePtr node, sibling;
  Noko_Node_Get_Struct(self, xmlNode, node);

  sibling = node->next;
  if (!sibling) { return Qnil; }

  return noko_xml_node_wrap(Qnil, sibling) ;
}
Also aliased as: next
name click to toggle source

Returns the name for this Node

static VALUE
get_name(VALUE self)
{
  xmlNodePtr node;
  Noko_Node_Get_Struct(self, xmlNode, node);
  if (node->name) {
    return NOKOGIRI_STR_NEW2(node->name);
  }
  return Qnil;
}
Also aliased as: name
node_name=(new_name) click to toggle source

Set the name for this Node

static VALUE
set_name(VALUE self, VALUE new_name)
{
  xmlNodePtr node;
  Noko_Node_Get_Struct(self, xmlNode, node);
  xmlNodeSetName(node, (xmlChar *)StringValueCStr(new_name));
  return new_name;
}
Also aliased as: name=
node_type click to toggle source

Get the type for this Node

static VALUE
node_type(VALUE self)
{
  xmlNodePtr node;
  Noko_Node_Get_Struct(self, xmlNode, node);
  return INT2NUM(node->type);
}
Also aliased as: type
parent click to toggle source

Get the parent Node for this Node

static VALUE
get_parent(VALUE self)
{
  xmlNodePtr node, parent;
  Noko_Node_Get_Struct(self, xmlNode, node);

  parent = node->parent;
  if (!parent) { return Qnil; }

  return noko_xml_node_wrap(Qnil, parent) ;
}
parse(string_or_io, options = nil) { |options| ... } click to toggle source

Parse string_or_io as a document fragment within the context of this node. Returns a XML::NodeSet containing the nodes parsed from string_or_io.

# File lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb, line 1030
def parse(string_or_io, options = nil)
  ##
  # When the current node is unparented and not an element node, use the
  # document as the parsing context instead. Otherwise, the in-context
  # parser cannot find an element or a document node.
  # Document Fragments are also not usable by the in-context parser.
  if !element? && !document? && (!parent || parent.fragment?)
    return document.parse(string_or_io, options)
  end

  options ||= (document.html? ? ParseOptions::DEFAULT_HTML : ParseOptions::DEFAULT_XML)
  options = Nokogiri::XML::ParseOptions.new(options) if Integer === options
  yield options if block_given?

  contents = if string_or_io.respond_to?(:read)
    string_or_io.read
  else
    string_or_io
  end

  return Nokogiri::XML::NodeSet.new(document) if contents.empty?

  error_count = document.errors.length
  node_set = in_context(contents, options.to_i)
  if document.errors.length > error_count
    raise document.errors[error_count] unless options.recover?

    if node_set.empty?
      # libxml2 < 2.13 does not obey the +recover+ option after encountering errors during
      # +in_context+ parsing, and so this horrible hack is here to try to emulate recovery
      # behavior.
      #
      # (Note that HTML4 fragment parsing seems to have been fixed in abd74186, and XML
      # fragment parsing is fixed in 1c106edf. Both are in 2.13.)
      #
      # Unfortunately, this means we're no longer parsing "in context" and so namespaces that
      # would have been inherited from the context node won't be handled correctly. This hack
      # was written in 2010, and I regret it, because it's silently degrading functionality in
      # a way that's not easily prevented (or even detected).
      #
      # I think preferable behavior would be to either:
      #
      # a. add an error noting that we "fell back" and pointing the user to turning off the
      #    +recover+ option
      # b. don't recover, but raise a sensible exception
      #
      # For context and background:
      # - https://github.com/sparklemotion/nokogiri/issues/313
      # - https://github.com/sparklemotion/nokogiri/issues/2092
      fragment = document.related_class("DocumentFragment").parse(contents)
      node_set = fragment.children
    end
  end
  node_set
end
path click to toggle source

Returns the path associated with this Node

static VALUE
rb_xml_node_path(VALUE rb_node)
{
  xmlNodePtr c_node;
  xmlChar *c_path ;
  VALUE rval;

  Noko_Node_Get_Struct(rb_node, xmlNode, c_node);

  c_path = xmlGetNodePath(c_node);
  if (c_path == NULL) {
    // see https://github.com/sparklemotion/nokogiri/issues/2250
    // this behavior is clearly undesirable, but is what libxml <= 2.9.10 returned, and so we
    // do this for now to preserve the behavior across libxml2 versions.
    rval = NOKOGIRI_STR_NEW2("?");
  } else {
    rval = NOKOGIRI_STR_NEW2(c_path);
    xmlFree(c_path);
  }

  return rval ;
}
pointer_id() → Integer click to toggle source
Returns

A unique id for this node based on the internal memory structures. This method is used by #== to determine node identity.

static VALUE
rb_xml_node_pointer_id(VALUE self)
{
  xmlNodePtr node;
  Noko_Node_Get_Struct(self, xmlNode, node);

  return rb_uint2inum((uintptr_t)(node));
}
previous_element click to toggle source

Returns the previous Nokogiri::XML::Element type sibling node.

static VALUE
previous_element(VALUE self)
{
  xmlNodePtr node, sibling;
  Noko_Node_Get_Struct(self, xmlNode, node);

  /*
   *  note that we don't use xmlPreviousElementSibling here because it's buggy pre-2.7.7.
   */
  sibling = node->prev;
  if (!sibling) { return Qnil; }

  while (sibling && sibling->type != XML_ELEMENT_NODE) {
    sibling = sibling->prev;
  }

  return sibling ? noko_xml_node_wrap(Qnil, sibling) : Qnil ;
}
previous_sibling click to toggle source

Returns the previous sibling node

static VALUE
previous_sibling(VALUE self)
{
  xmlNodePtr node, sibling;
  Noko_Node_Get_Struct(self, xmlNode, node);

  sibling = node->prev;
  if (!sibling) { return Qnil; }

  return noko_xml_node_wrap(Qnil, sibling);
}
Also aliased as: previous
processing_instruction?() click to toggle source

Returns true if this is a ProcessingInstruction node

# File lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb, line 1156
def processing_instruction?
  type == PI_NODE
end
read_only?() click to toggle source

Is this a read only node?

# File lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb, line 1181
def read_only?
  # According to gdome2, these are read-only node types
  [NOTATION_NODE, ENTITY_NODE, ENTITY_DECL].include?(type)
end
text() → String
Alias for: content
text?() click to toggle source

Returns true if this is a Text node

# File lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb, line 1161
def text?
  type == TEXT_NODE
end
to_s() click to toggle source

Turn this node in to a string. If the document is HTML, this method returns html. If the document is XML, this method returns XML.

# File lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb, line 1196
def to_s
  document.xml? ? to_xml : to_html
end
to_str() → String
Alias for: content
traverse() { |self| ... } click to toggle source

Yields self and all children to block recursively.

# File lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb, line 1239
def traverse(&block)
  children.each { |j| j.traverse(&block) }
  yield(self)
end
node_type
Alias for: node_type
xml?() click to toggle source

Returns true if this is an XML::Document node

# File lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb, line 1141
def xml?
  type == DOCUMENT_NODE
end

Protected Instance Methods

coerce(data) click to toggle source
# File lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb, line 1489
      def coerce(data)
        case data
        when XML::NodeSet
          return data
        when XML::DocumentFragment
          return data.children
        when String
          return fragment(data).children
        when Document, XML::Attr
          # unacceptable
        when XML::Node
          return data
        end

        raise ArgumentError, <<~EOERR
          Requires a Node, NodeSet or String argument, and cannot accept a #{data.class}.
          (You probably want to select a node from the Document with at() or search(), or create a new Node via Node.new().)
        EOERR
      end

Manipulating Document Structure

↑ top

Public Instance Methods

<<(node_or_tags) click to toggle source

Add node_or_tags as a child of this Node.

node_or_tags can be a Nokogiri::XML::Node, a ::DocumentFragment, a ::NodeSet, or a String containing markup.

Returns self, to support chaining of calls (e.g., root << child1 << child2)

Also see related method add_child.

# File lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb, line 256
def <<(node_or_tags)
  add_child(node_or_tags)
  self
end
add_child(node_or_tags) click to toggle source

Add node_or_tags as a child of this Node.

node_or_tags can be a Nokogiri::XML::Node, a ::DocumentFragment, a ::NodeSet, or a String containing markup.

Returns the reparented node (if node_or_tags is a Node), or NodeSet (if node_or_tags is a DocumentFragment, NodeSet, or String).

Also see related method +<<+.

# File lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb, line 148
def add_child(node_or_tags)
  node_or_tags = coerce(node_or_tags)
  if node_or_tags.is_a?(XML::NodeSet)
    node_or_tags.each { |n| add_child_node_and_reparent_attrs(n) }
  else
    add_child_node_and_reparent_attrs(node_or_tags)
  end
  node_or_tags
end
add_namespace(prefix, href) → Nokogiri::XML::Namespace
add_namespace_definition(prefix, href) → Nokogiri::XML::Namespace click to toggle source

Adds a namespace definition to this node with prefix using href value, as if this node had included an attribute “xmlns:prefix=href”.

A default namespace definition for this node can be added by passing nil for prefix.

Parameters
Returns

The new Nokogiri::XML::Namespace

Example: adding a non-default namespace definition

doc = Nokogiri::XML("<store><inventory></inventory></store>")
inventory = doc.at_css("inventory")
inventory.add_namespace_definition("automobile", "http://alices-autos.com/")
inventory.add_namespace_definition("bicycle", "http://bobs-bikes.com/")
inventory.add_child("<automobile:tire>Michelin model XGV, size 75R</automobile:tire>")
doc.to_xml
# => "<?xml version=\"1.0\"?>\n" +
#    "<store>\n" +
#    "  <inventory xmlns:automobile=\"http://alices-autos.com/\" xmlns:bicycle=\"http://bobs-bikes.com/\">\n" +
#    "    <automobile:tire>Michelin model XGV, size 75R</automobile:tire>\n" +
#    "  </inventory>\n" +
#    "</store>\n"

Example: adding a default namespace definition

doc = Nokogiri::XML("<store><inventory><tire>Michelin model XGV, size 75R</tire></inventory></store>")
doc.at_css("tire").add_namespace_definition(nil, "http://bobs-bikes.com/")
doc.to_xml
# => "<?xml version=\"1.0\"?>\n" +
#    "<store>\n" +
#    "  <inventory>\n" +
#    "    <tire xmlns=\"http://bobs-bikes.com/\">Michelin model XGV, size 75R</tire>\n" +
#    "  </inventory>\n" +
#    "</store>\n"
static VALUE
rb_xml_node_add_namespace_definition(VALUE rb_node, VALUE rb_prefix, VALUE rb_href)
{
  xmlNodePtr c_node, element;
  xmlNsPtr c_namespace;
  const xmlChar *c_prefix = (const xmlChar *)(NIL_P(rb_prefix) ? NULL : StringValueCStr(rb_prefix));

  Noko_Node_Get_Struct(rb_node, xmlNode, c_node);
  element = c_node ;

  c_namespace = xmlSearchNs(c_node->doc, c_node, c_prefix);

  if (!c_namespace) {
    if (c_node->type != XML_ELEMENT_NODE) {
      element = c_node->parent;
    }
    c_namespace = xmlNewNs(element, (const xmlChar *)StringValueCStr(rb_href), c_prefix);
  }

  if (!c_namespace) {
    return Qnil ;
  }

  if (NIL_P(rb_prefix) || c_node != element) {
    xmlSetNs(c_node, c_namespace);
  }

  return noko_xml_namespace_wrap(c_namespace, c_node->doc);
}
Also aliased as: add_namespace
add_next_sibling(node_or_tags) click to toggle source

Insert node_or_tags after this Node (as a sibling).

node_or_tags can be a Nokogiri::XML::Node, a ::DocumentFragment, a ::NodeSet, or a String containing markup.

Returns the reparented node (if node_or_tags is a Node), or NodeSet (if node_or_tags is a DocumentFragment, NodeSet, or String).

Also see related method after.

# File lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb, line 288
def add_next_sibling(node_or_tags)
  raise ArgumentError,
    "A document may not have multiple root nodes." if parent&.document? && !(node_or_tags.comment? || node_or_tags.processing_instruction?)

  add_sibling(:next, node_or_tags)
end
Also aliased as: next=
add_previous_sibling(node_or_tags) click to toggle source

Insert node_or_tags before this Node (as a sibling).

node_or_tags can be a Nokogiri::XML::Node, a ::DocumentFragment, a ::NodeSet, or a String containing markup.

Returns the reparented node (if node_or_tags is a Node), or NodeSet (if node_or_tags is a DocumentFragment, NodeSet, or String).

Also see related method before.

# File lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb, line 271
def add_previous_sibling(node_or_tags)
  raise ArgumentError,
    "A document may not have multiple root nodes." if parent&.document? && !(node_or_tags.comment? || node_or_tags.processing_instruction?)

  add_sibling(:previous, node_or_tags)
end
Also aliased as: previous=
after(node_or_tags) click to toggle source

Insert node_or_tags after this node (as a sibling).

node_or_tags can be a Nokogiri::XML::Node, a Nokogiri::XML::DocumentFragment, or a String containing markup.

Returns self, to support chaining of calls.

Also see related method add_next_sibling.

# File lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb, line 318
def after(node_or_tags)
  add_next_sibling(node_or_tags)
  self
end
before(node_or_tags) click to toggle source

Insert node_or_tags before this node (as a sibling).

node_or_tags can be a Nokogiri::XML::Node, a ::DocumentFragment, a ::NodeSet, or a String containing markup.

Returns self, to support chaining of calls.

Also see related method add_previous_sibling.

# File lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb, line 304
def before(node_or_tags)
  add_previous_sibling(node_or_tags)
  self
end
children=(node_or_tags) click to toggle source

Set the content for this Node node_or_tags

node_or_tags can be a Nokogiri::XML::Node, a Nokogiri::XML::DocumentFragment, or a String containing markup.

Also see related method inner_html=

# File lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb, line 349
def children=(node_or_tags)
  node_or_tags = coerce(node_or_tags)
  children.unlink
  if node_or_tags.is_a?(XML::NodeSet)
    node_or_tags.each { |n| add_child_node_and_reparent_attrs(n) }
  else
    add_child_node_and_reparent_attrs(node_or_tags)
  end
end
content=(string) click to toggle source

Set the Node’s content to a Text node containing string. The string gets XML escaped, not interpreted as markup.

# File lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb, line 411
def content=(string)
  self.native_content = encode_special_chars(string.to_s)
end
default_namespace=(url) click to toggle source

Adds a default namespace supplied as a string url href, to self. The consequence is as an xmlns attribute with supplied argument were present in parsed XML. A default namespace set with this method will now show up in #attributes, but when this node is serialized to XML an “xmlns” attribute will appear. See also #namespace and #namespace=

# File lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb, line 427
def default_namespace=(url)
  add_namespace_definition(nil, url)
end
do_xinclude(options = XML::ParseOptions::DEFAULT_XML) { |options| ... } click to toggle source

Do xinclude substitution on the subtree below node. If given a block, a Nokogiri::XML::ParseOptions object initialized from options, will be passed to it, allowing more convenient modification of the parser options.

# File lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb, line 454
def do_xinclude(options = XML::ParseOptions::DEFAULT_XML)
  options = Nokogiri::XML::ParseOptions.new(options) if Integer === options
  yield options if block_given?

  # call c extension
  process_xincludes(options.to_i)
end
inner_html=(node_or_tags) click to toggle source

Set the content for this Node to node_or_tags.

node_or_tags can be a Nokogiri::XML::Node, a Nokogiri::XML::DocumentFragment, or a String containing markup.

⚠ Please note that despite the name, this method will not always parse a String argument as HTML. A String argument will be parsed with the DocumentFragment parser related to this node’s document.

For example, if the document is an HTML4::Document then the string will be parsed as HTML4 using HTML4::DocumentFragment; but if the document is an XML::Document then it will parse the string as XML using XML::DocumentFragment.

Also see related method children=

# File lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb, line 338
def inner_html=(node_or_tags)
  self.children = node_or_tags
end
name=(new_name)
Alias for: node_name=
namespace=(ns) click to toggle source

Set the default namespace on this node (as would be defined with an “xmlns=” attribute in XML source), as a Namespace object ns. Note that a Namespace added this way will NOT be serialized as an xmlns attribute for this node. You probably want #default_namespace= instead, or perhaps #add_namespace_definition with a nil prefix argument.

# File lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb, line 437
def namespace=(ns)
  return set_namespace(ns) unless ns

  unless Nokogiri::XML::Namespace === ns
    raise TypeError, "#{ns.class} can't be coerced into Nokogiri::XML::Namespace"
  end
  if ns.document != document
    raise ArgumentError, "namespace must be declared on the same document"
  end

  set_namespace(ns)
end
next_sibling
Alias for: next_sibling
next=(node_or_tags)
Alias for: add_next_sibling
parent=(parent_node) click to toggle source

Set the parent Node for this Node

# File lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb, line 417
def parent=(parent_node)
  parent_node.add_child(self)
end
prepend_child(node_or_tags) click to toggle source

Add node_or_tags as the first child of this Node.

node_or_tags can be a Nokogiri::XML::Node, a ::DocumentFragment, a ::NodeSet, or a String containing markup.

Returns the reparented node (if node_or_tags is a Node), or NodeSet (if node_or_tags is a DocumentFragment, NodeSet, or String).

Also see related method add_child.

# File lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb, line 168
def prepend_child(node_or_tags)
  if (first = children.first)
    # Mimic the error add_child would raise.
    raise "Document already has a root node" if document? && !(node_or_tags.comment? || node_or_tags.processing_instruction?)

    first.__send__(:add_sibling, :previous, node_or_tags)
  else
    add_child(node_or_tags)
  end
end
previous_sibling
Alias for: previous_sibling
previous=(node_or_tags)
remove()
Alias for: unlink
replace(node_or_tags) click to toggle source

Replace this Node with node_or_tags.

node_or_tags can be a Nokogiri::XML::Node, a ::DocumentFragment, a ::NodeSet, or a String containing markup.

Returns the reparented node (if node_or_tags is a Node), or NodeSet (if node_or_tags is a DocumentFragment, NodeSet, or String).

Also see related method swap.

# File lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb, line 369
def replace(node_or_tags)
  raise("Cannot replace a node with no parent") unless parent

  # We cannot replace a text node directly, otherwise libxml will return
  # an internal error at parser.c:13031, I don't know exactly why
  # libxml is trying to find a parent node that is an element or document
  # so I can't tell if this is bug in libxml or not. issue #775.
  if text?
    replacee = Nokogiri::XML::Node.new("dummy", document)
    add_previous_sibling_node(replacee)
    unlink
    return replacee.replace(node_or_tags)
  end

  node_or_tags = parent.coerce(node_or_tags)

  if node_or_tags.is_a?(XML::NodeSet)
    node_or_tags.each { |n| add_previous_sibling(n) }
    unlink
  else
    replace_node(node_or_tags)
  end
  node_or_tags
end
swap(node_or_tags) click to toggle source

Swap this Node for node_or_tags

node_or_tags can be a Nokogiri::XML::Node, a ::DocumentFragment, a ::NodeSet, or a String Containing markup.

Returns self, to support chaining of calls.

Also see related method replace.

# File lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb, line 403
def swap(node_or_tags)
  replace(node_or_tags)
  self
end
wrap(markup) → self click to toggle source
wrap(node) → self

Wrap this Node with the node parsed from markup or a dup of the node.

Parameters
  • markup (String) Markup that is parsed and used as the wrapper. This node’s parent, if it exists, is used as the context node for parsing; otherwise the associated document is used. If the parsed fragment has multiple roots, the first root node is used as the wrapper.

  • node (Nokogiri::XML::Node) An element that is ‘#dup`ed and used as the wrapper.

Returns

self, to support chaining.

Also see NodeSet#wrap

Example with a String argument:

doc = Nokogiri::HTML5(<<~HTML)
  <html><body>
    <a>asdf</a>
  </body></html>
HTML
doc.at_css("a").wrap("<div></div>")
doc.to_html
# => <html><head></head><body>
#      <div><a>asdf</a></div>
#    </body></html>

Example with a Node argument:

doc = Nokogiri::HTML5(<<~HTML)
  <html><body>
    <a>asdf</a>
  </body></html>
HTML
doc.at_css("a").wrap(doc.create_element("div"))
doc.to_html
# <html><head></head><body>
#   <div><a>asdf</a></div>
# </body></html>
# File lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb, line 223
def wrap(node_or_tags)
  case node_or_tags
  when String
    context_node = parent || document
    new_parent = context_node.coerce(node_or_tags).first
    if new_parent.nil?
      raise "Failed to parse '#{node_or_tags}' in the context of a '#{context_node.name}' element"
    end
  when XML::Node
    new_parent = node_or_tags.dup
  else
    raise ArgumentError, "Requires a String or Node argument, and cannot accept a #{node_or_tags.class}"
  end

  if parent
    add_next_sibling(new_parent)
  else
    new_parent.unlink
  end
  new_parent.add_child(self)

  self
end

Searching via XPath or CSS Queries

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Public Instance Methods

%(*args)
Alias for: at
/(*args)
Alias for: search
>(selector) → NodeSet click to toggle source

Search this node’s immediate children using CSS selector selector

# File lib/nokogiri/xml/searchable.rb, line 201
def >(selector) # rubocop:disable Naming/BinaryOperatorParameterName
  ns = document.root&.namespaces || {}
  xpath(CSS.xpath_for(selector, prefix: "./", ns: ns).first)
end
at(*paths, [namespace-bindings, xpath-variable-bindings, custom-handler-class]) click to toggle source

Search this object for paths, and return only the first result. paths must be one or more XPath or CSS queries.

See Searchable#search for more information.

# File lib/nokogiri/xml/searchable.rb, line 74
def at(*args)
  search(*args).first
end
Also aliased as: %
at_css(*rules, [namespace-bindings, custom-pseudo-class]) click to toggle source

Search this object for CSS rules, and return only the first match. rules must be one or more CSS selectors.

See Searchable#css for more information.

# File lib/nokogiri/xml/searchable.rb, line 143
def at_css(*args)
  css(*args).first
end
at_xpath(*paths, [namespace-bindings, variable-bindings, custom-handler-class]) click to toggle source

Search this node for XPath paths, and return only the first match. paths must be one or more XPath queries.

See Searchable#xpath for more information.

# File lib/nokogiri/xml/searchable.rb, line 193
def at_xpath(*args)
  xpath(*args).first
end
css(*rules, [namespace-bindings, custom-pseudo-class]) click to toggle source

Search this object for CSS rules. rules must be one or more CSS selectors. For example:

node.css('title')
node.css('body h1.bold')
node.css('div + p.green', 'div#one')

A hash of namespace bindings may be appended. For example:

node.css('bike|tire', {'bike' => 'http://schwinn.com/'})

💡 Custom CSS pseudo classes may also be defined which are mapped to a custom XPath function. To define custom pseudo classes, create a class and implement the custom pseudo class you want defined. The first argument to the method will be the matching context NodeSet. Any other arguments are ones that you pass in. For example:

handler = Class.new {
  def regex(node_set, regex)
    node_set.find_all { |node| node['some_attribute'] =~ /#{regex}/ }
  end
}.new
node.css('title:regex("\w+")', handler)

💡 Some XPath syntax is supported in CSS queries. For example, to query for an attribute:

node.css('img > @href') # returns all +href+ attributes on an +img+ element
node.css('img / @href') # same

# ⚠ this returns +class+ attributes from all +div+ elements AND THEIR CHILDREN!
node.css('div @class')

node.css

💡 Array-like syntax is supported in CSS queries as an alternative to using +:nth-child()+.

⚠ NOTE that indices are 1-based like :nth-child and not 0-based like Ruby Arrays. For example:

# equivalent to 'li:nth-child(2)'
node.css('li[2]') # retrieve the second li element in a list

⚠ NOTE that the CSS query string is case-sensitive with regards to your document type. HTML tags will match only lowercase CSS queries, so if you search for “H1” in an HTML document, you’ll never find anything. However, “H1” might be found in an XML document, where tags names are case-sensitive (e.g., “H1” is distinct from “h1”).

# File lib/nokogiri/xml/searchable.rb, line 129
def css(*args)
  rules, handler, ns, _ = extract_params(args)

  css_internal(self, rules, handler, ns)
end
xpath(*paths, [namespace-bindings, variable-bindings, custom-handler-class]) click to toggle source

Search this node for XPath paths. paths must be one or more XPath queries.

node.xpath('.//title')

A hash of namespace bindings may be appended. For example:

node.xpath('.//foo:name', {'foo' => 'http://example.org/'})
node.xpath('.//xmlns:name', node.root.namespaces)

A hash of variable bindings may also be appended to the namespace bindings. For example:

node.xpath('.//address[@domestic=$value]', nil, {:value => 'Yes'})

💡 Custom XPath functions may also be defined. To define custom functions create a class and implement the function you want to define, which will be in the ‘nokogiri` namespace.

The first argument to the method will be the current matching NodeSet. Any other arguments are ones that you pass in. Note that this class may appear anywhere in the argument list. For example:

handler = Class.new {
  def regex(node_set, regex)
    node_set.find_all { |node| node['some_attribute'] =~ /#{regex}/ }
  end
}.new
node.xpath('.//title[nokogiri:regex(., "\w+")]', handler)
# File lib/nokogiri/xml/searchable.rb, line 179
def xpath(*args)
  paths, handler, ns, binds = extract_params(args)

  xpath_internal(self, paths, handler, ns, binds)
end

Serialization and Generating Output

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Public Instance Methods

canonicalize(mode = XML::XML_C14N_1_0, inclusive_namespaces = nil, with_comments = false) click to toggle source
# File lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb, line 1414
def canonicalize(mode = XML::XML_C14N_1_0, inclusive_namespaces = nil, with_comments = false)
  c14n_root = self
  document.canonicalize(mode, inclusive_namespaces, with_comments) do |node, parent|
    tn = node.is_a?(XML::Node) ? node : parent
    tn == c14n_root || tn.ancestors.include?(c14n_root)
  end
end
deconstruct_keys(array_of_names) → Hash click to toggle source

Returns a hash describing the Node, to use in pattern matching.

Valid keys and their values:

  • name → (String) The name of this node, or “text” if it is a Text node.

  • namespace → (Namespace, nil) The namespace of this node, or nil if there is no namespace.

  • attributes → (Array<Attr>) The attributes of this node.

  • children → (Array<Node>) The children of this node. 💡 Note this includes text nodes.

  • elements → (Array<Node>) The child elements of this node. 💡 Note this does not include text nodes.

  • content → (String) The contents of all the text nodes in this node’s subtree. See #content.

  • inner_html → (String) The inner markup for the children of this node. See #inner_html.

Example

doc = Nokogiri::XML.parse(<<~XML)
  <?xml version="1.0"?>
  <parent xmlns="http://nokogiri.org/ns/default" xmlns:noko="http://nokogiri.org/ns/noko">
    <child1 foo="abc" noko:bar="def">First</child1>
    <noko:child2 foo="qwe" noko:bar="rty">Second</noko:child2>
  </parent>
XML

doc.root.deconstruct_keys([:name, :namespace])
# => {:name=>"parent",
#     :namespace=>
#      #(Namespace:0x35c { href = "http://nokogiri.org/ns/default" })}

doc.root.deconstruct_keys([:inner_html, :content])
# => {:content=>"\n" + "  First\n" + "  Second\n",
#     :inner_html=>
#      "\n" +
#      "  <child1 foo=\"abc\" noko:bar=\"def\">First</child1>\n" +
#      "  <noko:child2 foo=\"qwe\" noko:bar=\"rty\">Second</noko:child2>\n"}

doc.root.elements.first.deconstruct_keys([:attributes])
# => {:attributes=>
#      [#(Attr:0x370 { name = "foo", value = "abc" }),
#       #(Attr:0x384 {
#         name = "bar",
#         namespace = #(Namespace:0x398 {
#           prefix = "noko",
#           href = "http://nokogiri.org/ns/noko"
#           }),
#         value = "def"
#         })]}

Since v1.14.0

# File lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb, line 1475
def deconstruct_keys(keys)
  requested_keys = DECONSTRUCT_KEYS & keys
  {}.tap do |values|
    requested_keys.each do |key|
      method = DECONSTRUCT_METHODS[key] || key
      values[key] = send(method)
    end
  end
end
serialize(*args, &block) click to toggle source

Serialize Node using options. Save options can also be set using a block.

See also Nokogiri::XML::Node::SaveOptions and Serialization and Generating Output at Node.

These two statements are equivalent:

node.serialize(encoding: 'UTF-8', save_with: FORMAT | AS_XML)

or

node.serialize(encoding: 'UTF-8') do |config|
  config.format.as_xml
end
# File lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb, line 1286
def serialize(*args, &block)
  # TODO: deprecate non-hash options, see 46c68ed 2009-06-20 for context
  options = if args.first.is_a?(Hash)
    args.shift
  else
    {
      encoding: args[0],
      save_with: args[1],
    }
  end

  options[:encoding] ||= document.encoding
  encoding = Encoding.find(options[:encoding] || "UTF-8")

  io = StringIO.new(String.new(encoding: encoding))

  write_to(io, options, &block)
  io.string
end
to_html(options = {}) click to toggle source

Serialize this Node to HTML

doc.to_html

See Node#write_to for a list of options. For formatted output, use Node#to_xhtml instead.

# File lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb, line 1313
def to_html(options = {})
  to_format(SaveOptions::DEFAULT_HTML, options)
end
to_xhtml(options = {}) click to toggle source

Serialize this Node to XHTML using options

doc.to_xhtml(indent: 5, encoding: 'UTF-8')

See Node#write_to for a list of options

# File lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb, line 1334
def to_xhtml(options = {})
  to_format(SaveOptions::DEFAULT_XHTML, options)
end
to_xml(options = {}) click to toggle source

Serialize this Node to XML using options

doc.to_xml(indent: 5, encoding: 'UTF-8')

See Node#write_to for a list of options

# File lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb, line 1323
def to_xml(options = {})
  options[:save_with] ||= SaveOptions::DEFAULT_XML
  serialize(options)
end
write_html_to(io, options = {}) click to toggle source

Write Node as HTML to io with options

See Node#write_to for a list of options

# File lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb, line 1391
def write_html_to(io, options = {})
  write_format_to(SaveOptions::DEFAULT_HTML, io, options)
end
write_to(io, *options) click to toggle source

Serialize this node or document to io.

Parameters
  • io (IO) An IO-like object to which the serialized content will be written.

  • options (Hash) See below

Options
  • :encoding (String or Encoding) specify the encoding of the output (defaults to document encoding)

  • :indent_text (String) the indentation text (defaults to " ")

  • :indent (Integer) the number of :indent_text to use (defaults to 2)

  • :save_with (Integer) a combination of SaveOptions constants

To save with UTF-8 indented twice:

node.write_to(io, encoding: 'UTF-8', indent: 2)

To save indented with two dashes:

node.write_to(io, indent_text: '-', indent: 2)
# File lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb, line 1362
def write_to(io, *options)
  options = options.first.is_a?(Hash) ? options.shift : {}
  encoding = options[:encoding] || options[0] || document.encoding
  if Nokogiri.jruby?
    save_options = options[:save_with] || options[1]
    indent_times = options[:indent] || 0
  else
    save_options = options[:save_with] || options[1] || SaveOptions::FORMAT
    indent_times = options[:indent] || 2
  end
  indent_text = options[:indent_text] || " "

  # Any string times 0 returns an empty string. Therefore, use the same
  # string instead of generating a new empty string for every node with
  # zero indentation.
  indentation = indent_times.zero? ? "" : (indent_text * indent_times)

  config = SaveOptions.new(save_options.to_i)
  yield config if block_given?

  encoding = encoding.is_a?(Encoding) ? encoding.name : encoding

  native_write_to(io, encoding, indentation, config.options)
end
write_xhtml_to(io, options = {}) click to toggle source

Write Node as XHTML to io with options

See Node#write_to for a list of options

# File lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb, line 1399
def write_xhtml_to(io, options = {})
  write_format_to(SaveOptions::DEFAULT_XHTML, io, options)
end
write_xml_to(io, options = {}) click to toggle source

Write Node as XML to io with options

doc.write_xml_to io, :encoding => 'UTF-8'

See Node#write_to for a list of options

# File lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb, line 1409
def write_xml_to(io, options = {})
  options[:save_with] ||= SaveOptions::DEFAULT_XML
  write_to(io, options)
end

Traversing Document Structure

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Public Instance Methods

child() → Nokogiri::XML::Node click to toggle source
Returns

First of this node’s children, or nil if there are no children

This is a convenience method and is equivalent to:

node.children.first

See related: #children

static VALUE
rb_xml_node_child(VALUE self)
{
  xmlNodePtr node, child;
  Noko_Node_Get_Struct(self, xmlNode, node);

  child = node->children;
  if (!child) { return Qnil; }

  return noko_xml_node_wrap(Qnil, child);
}
children() → Nokogiri::XML::NodeSet click to toggle source
Returns

Nokogiri::XML::NodeSet containing this node’s children.

static VALUE
rb_xml_node_children(VALUE self)
{
  xmlNodePtr node;
  xmlNodePtr child;
  xmlNodeSetPtr set;
  VALUE document;
  VALUE node_set;

  Noko_Node_Get_Struct(self, xmlNode, node);

  child = node->children;
  set = xmlXPathNodeSetCreate(child);

  document = DOC_RUBY_OBJECT(node->doc);

  if (!child) { return noko_xml_node_set_wrap(set, document); }

  child = child->next;
  while (NULL != child) {
    xmlXPathNodeSetAddUnique(set, child);
    child = child->next;
  }

  node_set = noko_xml_node_set_wrap(set, document);

  return node_set;
}
document() → Nokogiri::XML::Document click to toggle source
Returns

Parent Nokogiri::XML::Document for this node

static VALUE
rb_xml_node_document(VALUE self)
{
  xmlNodePtr node;
  Noko_Node_Get_Struct(self, xmlNode, node);
  return DOC_RUBY_OBJECT(node->doc);
}

Working With Node Attributes

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Public Instance Methods

[](name) → (String, nil) click to toggle source

Fetch an attribute from this node.

⚠ Note that attributes with namespaces cannot be accessed with this method. To access namespaced attributes, use #attribute_with_ns.

Returns

(String, nil) value of the attribute name, or nil if no matching attribute exists

Example

doc = Nokogiri::XML("<root><child size='large' class='big wide tall'/></root>")
child = doc.at_css("child")
child["size"] # => "large"
child["class"] # => "big wide tall"

Example: Namespaced attributes will not be returned.

⚠ Note namespaced attributes may be accessed with #attribute or #attribute_with_ns

doc = Nokogiri::XML(<<~EOF)
  <root xmlns:width='http://example.com/widths'>
    <child width:size='broad'/>
  </root>
EOF
doc.at_css("child")["size"] # => nil
doc.at_css("child").attribute("size").value # => "broad"
doc.at_css("child").attribute_with_ns("size", "http://example.com/widths").value
# => "broad"
# File lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb, line 512
def [](name)
  get(name.to_s)
end
Also aliased as: get_attribute, attr
[]=(name, value) → value click to toggle source

Update the attribute name to value, or create the attribute if it does not exist.

⚠ Note that attributes with namespaces cannot be accessed with this method. To access namespaced attributes for update, use #attribute_with_ns. To add a namespaced attribute, see the example below.

Returns

value

Example

doc = Nokogiri::XML("<root><child/></root>")
child = doc.at_css("child")
child["size"] = "broad"
child.to_html
# => "<child size=\"broad\"></child>"

Example: Add a namespaced attribute.

doc = Nokogiri::XML(<<~EOF)
  <root xmlns:width='http://example.com/widths'>
    <child/>
  </root>
EOF
child = doc.at_css("child")
child["size"] = "broad"
ns = doc.root.namespace_definitions.find { |ns| ns.prefix == "width" }
child.attribute("size").namespace = ns
doc.to_html
# => "<root xmlns:width=\"http://example.com/widths\">\n" +
#    "  <child width:size=\"broad\"></child>\n" +
#    "</root>\n"
# File lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb, line 550
def []=(name, value)
  set(name.to_s, value.to_s)
end
Also aliased as: set_attribute
add_class(names) → self click to toggle source

Ensure HTML CSS classes are present on self. Any CSS classes in names that already exist in the “class” attribute are not added. Note that any existing duplicates in the “class” attribute are not removed. Compare with #append_class.

This is a convenience function and is equivalent to:

node.kwattr_add("class", names)

See related: #kwattr_add, #classes, #append_class, #remove_class

Parameters
  • names (String, Array<String>)

    CSS class names to be added to the Node’s “class” attribute. May be a string containing whitespace-delimited names, or an Array of String names. Any class names already present will not be added. Any class names not present will be added. If no “class” attribute exists, one is created.

Returns

self (Node) for ease of chaining method calls.

Example: Ensure that the node has CSS class “section”

node                      # => <div></div>
node.add_class("section") # => <div class="section"></div>
node.add_class("section") # => <div class="section"></div> # duplicate not added

Example: Ensure that the node has CSS classes “section” and “header”, via a String argument

Note that the CSS class “section” is not added because it is already present. Note also that the pre-existing duplicate CSS class “section” is not removed.

node                             # => <div class="section section"></div>
node.add_class("section header") # => <div class="section section header"></div>

Example: Ensure that the node has CSS classes “section” and “header”, via an Array argument

node                                  # => <div></div>
node.add_class(["section", "header"]) # => <div class="section header"></div>
# File lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb, line 715
def add_class(names)
  kwattr_add("class", names)
end
append_class(names) → self click to toggle source

Add HTML CSS classes to self, regardless of duplication. Compare with #add_class.

This is a convenience function and is equivalent to:

node.kwattr_append("class", names)

See related: #kwattr_append, #classes, #add_class, #remove_class

Parameters
  • names (String, Array<String>)

    CSS class names to be appended to the Node’s “class” attribute. May be a string containing whitespace-delimited names, or an Array of String names. All class names passed in will be appended to the “class” attribute even if they are already present in the attribute value. If no “class” attribute exists, one is created.

Returns

self (Node) for ease of chaining method calls.

Example: Append “section” to the node’s CSS “class” attribute

node                         # => <div></div>
node.append_class("section") # => <div class="section"></div>
node.append_class("section") # => <div class="section section"></div> # duplicate added!

Example: Append “section” and “header” to the noded’s CSS “class” attribute, via a String argument

Note that the CSS class “section” is appended even though it is already present

node                                # => <div class="section section"></div>
node.append_class("section header") # => <div class="section section section header"></div>

Example: Append “section” and “header” to the node’s CSS “class” attribute, via an Array argument

node                                     # => <div></div>
node.append_class(["section", "header"]) # => <div class="section header"></div>
node.append_class(["section", "header"]) # => <div class="section header section header"></div>
# File lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb, line 759
def append_class(names)
  kwattr_append("class", names)
end
attr(name)
Alias for: []
attribute(name) → Nokogiri::XML::Attr click to toggle source
Returns

Attribute (Nokogiri::XML::Attr) belonging to this node with name name.

⚠ Note that attribute namespaces are ignored and only the simple (non-namespace-prefixed) name is used to find a matching attribute. In case of a simple name collision, only one of the matching attributes will be returned. In this case, you will need to use #attribute_with_ns.

Example:

doc = Nokogiri::XML("<root><child size='large' class='big wide tall'/></root>")
child = doc.at_css("child")
child.attribute("size") # => #<Nokogiri::XML::Attr:0x550 name="size" value="large">
child.attribute("class") # => #<Nokogiri::XML::Attr:0x564 name="class" value="big wide tall">

Example showing that namespaced attributes will not be returned:

⚠ Note that only one of the two matching attributes is returned.

doc = Nokogiri::XML(<<~EOF)
  <root xmlns:width='http://example.com/widths'
        xmlns:height='http://example.com/heights'>
    <child width:size='broad' height:size='tall'/>
  </root>
EOF
doc.at_css("child").attribute("size")
# => #(Attr:0x550 {
#      name = "size",
#      namespace = #(Namespace:0x564 {
#        prefix = "width",
#        href = "http://example.com/widths"
#        }),
#      value = "broad"
#      })
static VALUE
rb_xml_node_attribute(VALUE self, VALUE name)
{
  xmlNodePtr node;
  xmlAttrPtr prop;
  Noko_Node_Get_Struct(self, xmlNode, node);
  prop = xmlHasProp(node, (xmlChar *)StringValueCStr(name));

  if (! prop) { return Qnil; }
  return noko_xml_node_wrap(Qnil, (xmlNodePtr)prop);
}
attribute_nodes() → Array<Nokogiri::XML::Attr> click to toggle source
Returns

Attributes (an Array of Nokogiri::XML::Attr) belonging to this node.

Note that this is the preferred alternative to #attributes when the simple (non-namespace-prefixed) attribute names may collide.

Example:

Contrast this with the colliding-name example from #attributes.

doc = Nokogiri::XML(<<~EOF)
  <root xmlns:width='http://example.com/widths'
        xmlns:height='http://example.com/heights'>
    <child width:size='broad' height:size='tall'/>
  </root>
EOF
doc.at_css("child").attribute_nodes
# => [#(Attr:0x550 {
#       name = "size",
#       namespace = #(Namespace:0x564 {
#         prefix = "width",
#         href = "http://example.com/widths"
#         }),
#       value = "broad"
#       }),
#     #(Attr:0x578 {
#       name = "size",
#       namespace = #(Namespace:0x58c {
#         prefix = "height",
#         href = "http://example.com/heights"
#         }),
#       value = "tall"
#       })]
static VALUE
rb_xml_node_attribute_nodes(VALUE rb_node)
{
  xmlNodePtr c_node;

  Noko_Node_Get_Struct(rb_node, xmlNode, c_node);

  return noko_xml_node_attrs(c_node);
}
attribute_with_ns(name, namespace) → Nokogiri::XML::Attr click to toggle source
Returns

Attribute (Nokogiri::XML::Attr) belonging to this node with matching name and namespace.

  • name (String): the simple (non-namespace-prefixed) name of the attribute

  • namespace (String): the URI of the attribute’s namespace

See related: #attribute

Example:

doc = Nokogiri::XML(<<~EOF)
  <root xmlns:width='http://example.com/widths'
        xmlns:height='http://example.com/heights'>
    <child width:size='broad' height:size='tall'/>
  </root>
EOF
doc.at_css("child").attribute_with_ns("size", "http://example.com/widths")
# => #(Attr:0x550 {
#      name = "size",
#      namespace = #(Namespace:0x564 {
#        prefix = "width",
#        href = "http://example.com/widths"
#        }),
#      value = "broad"
#      })
doc.at_css("child").attribute_with_ns("size", "http://example.com/heights")
# => #(Attr:0x578 {
#      name = "size",
#      namespace = #(Namespace:0x58c {
#        prefix = "height",
#        href = "http://example.com/heights"
#        }),
#      value = "tall"
#      })
static VALUE
rb_xml_node_attribute_with_ns(VALUE self, VALUE name, VALUE namespace)
{
  xmlNodePtr node;
  xmlAttrPtr prop;
  Noko_Node_Get_Struct(self, xmlNode, node);
  prop = xmlHasNsProp(node, (xmlChar *)StringValueCStr(name),
                      NIL_P(namespace) ? NULL : (xmlChar *)StringValueCStr(namespace));

  if (! prop) { return Qnil; }
  return noko_xml_node_wrap(Qnil, (xmlNodePtr)prop);
}
attributes() → Hash<String ⇒ Nokogiri::XML::Attr> click to toggle source

Fetch this node’s attributes.

⚠ Because the keys do not include any namespace information for the attribute, in case of a simple name collision, not all attributes will be returned. In this case, you will need to use #attribute_nodes.

Returns

Hash containing attributes belonging to self. The hash keys are String attribute names (without the namespace), and the hash values are Nokogiri::XML::Attr.

Example with no namespaces:

doc = Nokogiri::XML("<root><child size='large' class='big wide tall'/></root>")
doc.at_css("child").attributes
# => {"size"=>#(Attr:0x550 { name = "size", value = "large" }),
#     "class"=>#(Attr:0x564 { name = "class", value = "big wide tall" })}

Example with a namespace:

doc = Nokogiri::XML("<root xmlns:desc='http://example.com/sizes'><child desc:size='large'/></root>")
doc.at_css("child").attributes
# => {"size"=>
#      #(Attr:0x550 {
#        name = "size",
#        namespace = #(Namespace:0x564 {
#          prefix = "desc",
#          href = "http://example.com/sizes"
#          }),
#        value = "large"
#        })}

Example with an attribute name collision:

⚠ Note that only one of the attributes is returned in the Hash.

doc = Nokogiri::XML(<<~EOF)
  <root xmlns:width='http://example.com/widths'
        xmlns:height='http://example.com/heights'>
    <child width:size='broad' height:size='tall'/>
  </root>
EOF
doc.at_css("child").attributes
# => {"size"=>
#      #(Attr:0x550 {
#        name = "size",
#        namespace = #(Namespace:0x564 {
#          prefix = "height",
#          href = "http://example.com/heights"
#          }),
#        value = "tall"
#        })}
# File lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb, line 609
def attributes
  attribute_nodes.each_with_object({}) do |node, hash|
    hash[node.node_name] = node
  end
end
classes() → Array<String> click to toggle source

Fetch CSS class names of a Node.

This is a convenience function and is equivalent to:

node.kwattr_values("class")

See related: #kwattr_values, #add_class, #append_class, #remove_class

Returns

The CSS classes (Array of String) present in the Node’s “class” attribute. If the attribute is empty or non-existent, the return value is an empty array.

Example

node         # => <div class="section title header"></div>
node.classes # => ["section", "title", "header"]
# File lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb, line 669
def classes
  kwattr_values("class")
end
delete(name)
Alias for: remove_attribute
each() { |node_name, value| ... } click to toggle source

Iterate over each attribute name and value pair for this Node.

# File lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb, line 635
def each
  attribute_nodes.each do |node|
    yield [node.node_name, node.value]
  end
end
get_attribute(name)
Alias for: []
has_attribute?(p1)
Alias for: key?
keys() click to toggle source

Get the attribute names for this Node.

# File lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb, line 629
def keys
  attribute_nodes.map(&:node_name)
end
kwattr_add(attribute_name, keywords) → self click to toggle source

Ensure that values are present in a keyword attribute.

Any values in keywords that already exist in the Node’s attribute values are not added. Note that any existing duplicates in the attribute values are not removed. Compare with #kwattr_append.

A “keyword attribute” is a node attribute that contains a set of space-delimited values. Perhaps the most familiar example of this is the HTML “class” attribute used to contain CSS classes. But other keyword attributes exist, for instance the “rel” attribute.

See also #add_class, #kwattr_values, #kwattr_append, #kwattr_remove

Parameters
  • attribute_name (String) The name of the keyword attribute to be modified.

  • keywords (String, Array<String>) Keywords to be added to the attribute named attribute_name. May be a string containing whitespace-delimited values, or an Array of String values. Any values already present will not be added. Any values not present will be added. If the named attribute does not exist, it is created.

Returns

self (Nokogiri::XML::Node) for ease of chaining method calls.

Example: Ensure that a Node has “nofollow” in its rel attribute.

Note that duplicates are not added.

node                               # => <a></a>
node.kwattr_add("rel", "nofollow") # => <a rel="nofollow"></a>
node.kwattr_add("rel", "nofollow") # => <a rel="nofollow"></a>

Example: Ensure that a Node has “nofollow” and “noreferrer” in its rel attribute, via a String argument.

Note that "nofollow" is not added because it is already present. Note also that the
pre-existing duplicate "nofollow" is not removed.

 node                                          # => <a rel="nofollow nofollow"></a>
 node.kwattr_add("rel", "nofollow noreferrer") # => <a rel="nofollow nofollow noreferrer"></a>

Example: Ensure that a Node has “nofollow” and “noreferrer” in its rel attribute, via an Array argument.

node                                               # => <a></a>
node.kwattr_add("rel", ["nofollow", "noreferrer"]) # => <a rel="nofollow noreferrer"></a>

Since v1.11.0

# File lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb, line 892
def kwattr_add(attribute_name, keywords)
  keywords = keywordify(keywords)
  current_kws = kwattr_values(attribute_name)
  new_kws = (current_kws + (keywords - current_kws)).join(" ")
  set_attribute(attribute_name, new_kws)
  self
end
kwattr_append(attribute_name, keywords) → self click to toggle source

Add keywords to a Node’s keyword attribute, regardless of duplication. Compare with #kwattr_add.

A “keyword attribute” is a node attribute that contains a set of space-delimited values. Perhaps the most familiar example of this is the HTML “class” attribute used to contain CSS classes. But other keyword attributes exist, for instance the “rel” attribute.

See also #append_class, #kwattr_values, #kwattr_add, #kwattr_remove

Parameters
  • attribute_name (String) The name of the keyword attribute to be modified.

  • keywords (String, Array<String>) Keywords to be added to the attribute named attribute_name. May be a string containing whitespace-delimited values, or an Array of String values. All values passed in will be appended to the named attribute even if they are already present in the attribute. If the named attribute does not exist, it is created.

Returns

self (Node) for ease of chaining method calls.

Example: Append “nofollow” to the rel attribute.

Note that duplicates are added.

node                                  # => <a></a>
node.kwattr_append("rel", "nofollow") # => <a rel="nofollow"></a>
node.kwattr_append("rel", "nofollow") # => <a rel="nofollow nofollow"></a>

Example: Append “nofollow” and “noreferrer” to the rel attribute, via a String argument.

Note that “nofollow” is appended even though it is already present.

node                                             # => <a rel="nofollow"></a>
node.kwattr_append("rel", "nofollow noreferrer") # => <a rel="nofollow nofollow noreferrer"></a>

Example: Append “nofollow” and “noreferrer” to the rel attribute, via an Array argument.

node                                                  # => <a></a>
node.kwattr_append("rel", ["nofollow", "noreferrer"]) # => <a rel="nofollow noreferrer"></a>

Since v1.11.0

# File lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb, line 945
def kwattr_append(attribute_name, keywords)
  keywords = keywordify(keywords)
  current_kws = kwattr_values(attribute_name)
  new_kws = (current_kws + keywords).join(" ")
  set_attribute(attribute_name, new_kws)
  self
end
kwattr_remove(attribute_name, keywords) → self click to toggle source

Remove keywords from a keyword attribute. Any matching keywords that exist in the named attribute are removed, including any multiple entries.

If no keywords remain after this operation, or if keywords is nil, the attribute is deleted from the node.

A “keyword attribute” is a node attribute that contains a set of space-delimited values. Perhaps the most familiar example of this is the HTML “class” attribute used to contain CSS classes. But other keyword attributes exist, for instance the “rel” attribute.

See also #remove_class, #kwattr_values, #kwattr_add, #kwattr_append

Parameters
  • attribute_name (String) The name of the keyword attribute to be modified.

  • keywords (String, Array<String>) Keywords to be removed from the attribute named attribute_name. May be a string containing whitespace-delimited values, or an Array of String values. Any keywords present in the named attribute will be removed. If no keywords remain, or if keywords is nil, the attribute is deleted.

Returns

self (Node) for ease of chaining method calls.

Example:

Note that the rel attribute is deleted when empty.

node                                    # => <a rel="nofollow noreferrer">link</a>
node.kwattr_remove("rel", "nofollow")   # => <a rel="noreferrer">link</a>
node.kwattr_remove("rel", "noreferrer") # => <a>link</a>

Since v1.11.0

# File lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb, line 988
def kwattr_remove(attribute_name, keywords)
  if keywords.nil?
    remove_attribute(attribute_name)
    return self
  end

  keywords = keywordify(keywords)
  current_kws = kwattr_values(attribute_name)
  new_kws = current_kws - keywords
  if new_kws.empty?
    remove_attribute(attribute_name)
  else
    set_attribute(attribute_name, new_kws.join(" "))
  end
  self
end
kwattr_values(attribute_name) → Array<String> click to toggle source

Fetch values from a keyword attribute of a Node.

A “keyword attribute” is a node attribute that contains a set of space-delimited values. Perhaps the most familiar example of this is the HTML “class” attribute used to contain CSS classes. But other keyword attributes exist, for instance the “rel” attribute.

See also #classes, #kwattr_add, #kwattr_append, #kwattr_remove

Parameters
  • attribute_name (String) The name of the keyword attribute to be inspected.

Returns

(Array<String>) The values present in the Node’s attribute_name attribute. If the attribute is empty or non-existent, the return value is an empty array.

Example:

node                      # => <a rel="nofollow noopener external">link</a>
node.kwattr_values("rel") # => ["nofollow", "noopener", "external"]

Since v1.11.0

# File lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb, line 838
def kwattr_values(attribute_name)
  keywordify(get_attribute(attribute_name) || [])
end
remove_attribute(name) click to toggle source

Remove the attribute named name

# File lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb, line 643
def remove_attribute(name)
  attr = attributes[name].remove if key?(name)
  clear_xpath_context if Nokogiri.jruby?
  attr
end
Also aliased as: delete
remove_class(css_classes) → self click to toggle source

Remove HTML CSS classes from this node. Any CSS class names in css_classes that exist in this node’s “class” attribute are removed, including any multiple entries.

If no CSS classes remain after this operation, or if css_classes is nil, the “class” attribute is deleted from the node.

This is a convenience function and is equivalent to:

node.kwattr_remove("class", css_classes)

Also see #kwattr_remove, #classes, #add_class, #append_class

Parameters
  • css_classes (String, Array<String>)

    CSS class names to be removed from the Node’s “class” attribute. May be a string containing whitespace-delimited names, or an Array of String names. Any class names already present will be removed. If no CSS classes remain, the “class” attribute is deleted.

Returns

self (Nokogiri::XML::Node) for ease of chaining method calls.

Example: Deleting a CSS class

Note that all instances of the class “section” are removed from the “class” attribute.

node                         # => <div class="section header section"></div>
node.remove_class("section") # => <div class="header"></div>

Example: Deleting the only remaining CSS class

Note that the attribute is removed once there are no remaining classes.

node                         # => <div class="section"></div>
node.remove_class("section") # => <div></div>

Example: Deleting multiple CSS classes

Note that the “class” attribute is deleted once it’s empty.

node                                    # => <div class="section header float"></div>
node.remove_class(["section", "float"]) # => <div class="header"></div>
# File lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb, line 809
def remove_class(names = nil)
  kwattr_remove("class", names)
end
[]=(name, value) → value
Alias for: []=
value?(value) click to toggle source

Does this Node’s attributes include <value>

# File lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb, line 623
def value?(value)
  values.include?(value)
end
values() click to toggle source

Get the attribute values for this Node.

# File lib/nokogiri/xml/node.rb, line 617
def values
  attribute_nodes.map(&:value)
end